My other half is Chinese, so naturally I am learning Mandarin — and some Shanghainese — from her. (What can I say: I’m the scholarly type and she’s a good teacher!) Anyway, like, I’m sure, many a Westerner embarking on learning a tonal language, I find it difficult to properly modulate my voice: so let me share a phonetic technique that I’ve developed!
Try to retract the base of your tongue, flattening and broadening the back, while speaking. This has a three-fold effect, conducive to speaking Chinese:
- By tensing the muscle, you have slightly more control over your tongue, so you can move it more agilely. This is necessary for the quick response required when changing tones.
- Retracting the tongue opens the oral cavity, giving more potential to change your voice’s frequency and hence produce the different tones.
- A bonus effect is that doing this puts the tip of your tongue in a better place to produce the many sibilant and retroflex sounds which are common in Mandarin.
Having said all that, I’m still pretty bad at it! I find it particularly difficult to do falling tones at the beginning of words. (I cannot say 姐姐 to save my life!) My guess as to why this might be is because, while English obviously doesn’t have tones, an intonation pattern is manifested through stress, giving — as English usually stresses the first syllable — a rising tonal quality.